Language, Power and Discourse of Sexuality: The case of Governor McGree

Language, Power and Discourse of Sexuality Foucault asks "What are the links between these discourses, these effects of power, and the pleasures that were invested by them?" (Foucault, 11). In the case of New Jersey governor it seems clear that power, language and pleasure were very much related in his speech on August 13, 2004, in which he announced his resignation, that he had had an affair with a man, and that he was a "gay American." A man in a position of power was both given power and gave power to the general public with his announcement. Consequently he opened up a multiplicity of discourses on the matter ranging from the true reason for his resignation, to the true meaning of the word Gay, to the effects that his coming out would have on the gay community. The case of governor McGreevey showed how language can be powerful, helpful and harming all at the same time, furthering Foucault's suggestion of strong links between discourse, power and pleasure. McGreevey exercises a great deal of power in choosing the things that he says in his speech and even the ways that he says them. He uses his words to benefit him. The majority of the speech sounds like a plea to the people of New Jersey and the American public. He asks for the audience to sympathize by speaking of his struggle and confusion. So, when McGreevey says, "And so my truth is that I am a gay American. And I am blessed to live in the greatest nation with the tradition of civil liberties, the greatest tradition of civil liberties in the world, in a country which provides so much to its people" the audience feels a pathos for him. This statement is a direct call for forgiveness and sympathy, even before they have heard the whole case. It calls for the American ... ...ew Hampshire: University Press of New England, 1996. 119-143. Foucault, Michel. "We 'Other Victorians'" and "The Repressive Hypothesis."The History of Sexuality, Volume I: An Introduction.Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage, 1980. 3-13, 17-49. Gendar, Alison and Standora, Leo. "Gov's groove no secret around town". New York Daily News Saturday, August 14th, 2004. Huffinton, Arianna. "Drama of New Jersey governor teaches us that to be gay is to be normal". Ariana Online August 16, 2004 Lazarus, Edward. "The Issues Governor McGreevey's Resignation Raises: Stigma, Acceptance, and the Difference Between Legal and Social Change". Thursday, Aug. 19, 2004 "McGreevey: I am a gay American" www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/08/12/mcgreevey.transcript/index.html Santos, Fernanda. "Instant hero in gay community". New York Daily News Friday, August 13th, 2004.

Behavioral Theories of Learning

Skinner’s terminology provides that positive reinforcers are any form of encouragement like rewards, awards and goals and positive reinforcement is the act itself of receiving the reward or achieving the goal (Skinner B. F. , 1969). The definitions of operant conditioning provide that negative reinforcement is a mode of behavioral theory that as a result of experiencing a negative condition, a particular behavior is enhanced, strengthened or emphasized. (http://www. mcli. dist. maricopa. edu/proj/nru/opcond. html, 1999).A good example of positive reinforcement inside a classroom would be a teacher giving extra credits for students who would achieve a certain high average. How is this positive reinforcement? Students will become motivated to excel and give extra effort to achieve the award and in the process they get to learn more ultimately benefiting them in the end. A pre-school teacher giving candy to the brave little girl who will not cry and back out of her first day in s chool is also an instance of positive reinforcement.The school board giving an award or an additional benefit for the teacher of the month, this is another example of a positive reinforcement. Why is that? By promising to give a little extra something, the school encourages the teachers to improve their over-all teaching performance and by doing so, they are encouraging a little friendly competition among fellow educators. The learning curve is sure to climb the charts if all the teachers and students are motivated. How will that be achieved? It is simple.The teachers will be inspired to think of innovative teaching methods that will be effective on students and in turn the students learn more. Some teachers are not as approachable as others that is the reason why students don’t ask questions even though they did not fully understand the subject matter, as a solution, they can make themselves available to students for consultation. As a result, the school’s educational framework benefits because of cooperation and communication. Everybody gets a special kind of something in the end.The key word in positive reinforcement is benefit. One way or another, everyone receives something beneficial to himself and to others as well. An example of negative reinforcement inside the four corners of the classroom would be a teacher who warns students that if they fail the exam they would get an automatic failing grade. This is negative reinforcement because if a student wants to avoid getting a failing grade, he would study. His studying habits will be strengthened as a consequence of being threatened of getting a failing grade.The application of negative reinforcement can be most usually seen in the fields of education and reform. The use of fines, imprisonment is one such example of the use of negative reinforcement to warn of the negative consequences of associating with social ills (Skinner,1953). Negative Reinforcement as compared to punishment strengthen s a behavior because a negative condition is stopped or avoided as a result of such behavior while the latter weakens a behavior because of the introduction of a negative condition as a result of the behavior (mcli. dist.maricopa. edu, 1999). An example of punishment is when a student is caught cheating by his professor, the consequence would be detention or suspension. Another demeanor of a student which is very suitable for punishment is bribing a teacher in order for him to get an â€Å"A†. This offense should be dealt with seriously because it can affect the educational system not to mention the character and reputation of the school. Punishment endeavors to make the person realize the intensity of the offense that was committed and for him to reflect on his actions.All these will be in vain if an important goal of punishment is not achieved, which goal is for the person not to repeat the same offense ever again. The application of these kinds of reinforcement depends upo n the situation and the individual upon whom these will be enforced. Imagine expelling a student for being caught littering inside the school grounds. The use of these types of reinforcements would vary not only because of a particular scenario but the attitude and intent of the person involved would have to be taken into consideration as well. In positive and negative reinforcement, the responses and effects are unpredictable.The effect would be of course either positive or negative as well. Positive outcome results when the desired response or behavior is achieved by using a certain kind of reinforcement, however, this desired outcome is not always achieved. For instance, in positive reinforcement, the aim is improvement and encouragement but the psyche of the person being motivated or encouraged does not depend on the positive reinforcer. For instance, no matter what benefit the teacher promises the student but the latter is not moved by it, there would be no positive result.The results in negative reinforcement, the aim of which is education or reform, will not be accomplished when the expected reaction or behavior is not achieved. As in the example given above, when a teacher suspends or sends a student in detention for cheating but the latter does it again, negative outcome results. In the field of education, positive or negative enforcement or even punishment may be associated with each other not only because they are modes to elicit a certain response from a student but because of the result they so aspire.The means may be different but the desired end to be achieved is the same; to maximize the learning potential and more importantly to mold the student’s behavior for the better. References Skinner B. F. , 1969, Contingencies of Reinforcement: A Theoretical Analysis, New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Retrieved 04/03/09 from http://www. freeonlineresearchpapers. com/ Macopa Center for Learning and Instruction Retrieved 04/03/09 from http://www. mcli. dist. maricopa. edu/proj/nru/opcond. html Skinner B. F. , 1953, Science and Human Behaviour, New York: Macmillan. Retrieved 04/03/09 from http://www. freeonlineresearchpapers. com/

The French Revolution - 1511 Words

The French Revolution â€Å"Society was cut in two: those who had nothing united in common envy; those who had anything united in common terror,† says Alexis de Tocqueville, a historical political theorist. The French Revolution was a painful era that molded the lives of every citizen living in France and changed their ways of life forever. Beginning in 1789 and lasting ten years until 1799, the people of France lived in a monarch society under King Louis XVI’s rule. He was a very harsh ruler and had many restrictions placed on his people. They eventually overthrew him and became a monarch society. Among his deceptive ways, the people also experienced â€Å"The Reign of Terror†, which was a period where many lives were taken by the guillotine. Other revolutionary events included rebellions, constitutions, and groups. One of the popular groups that contributed greatly to the French Revolution were the Jacobins who were led by Maximilien Robespierre. King Louis XVI was next in line for the throne in 1774 and gladly inherited it from Louis XIV to become the ruler over France. He drastically changed the whole country and put its people through ghastly conditions. There was not a soul left unharmed. In Paris, nearly half of its population in 1788 was unemployed. They produced no crops due to them not growing and had extremely high prices on food. With the whole nation already furious with his doings, he decided to marry Marie Antoinette who was foreign. They decided to blame her forShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And French Revolutions2006 Words   |  9 PagesAlthough the American and French revolutions both took place in the late 18th century, both fought for independence, and both portrayed patriotism, the revolutions are markedly different in their origins; one which led to the world’s longest lasting democracy and the other to a Napoleonic Dictatorship. Political revolutions in America and France happened because people felt dissatisfied with the way their country was run. In North America they rebelled against rule from a foreign power, they wantedRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice, rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means necessary to attain theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 1.3 billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. The streets were red by the blood of bodies that were dragged from being beheaded. The economy was in bad shape. But before all of this the French had a few goals but there was one goal that they all wanted and that was to get rid of the monarchy. This idea did not arrive out of nowhere, the commoners were influenceRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1223 Words   |  5 Pages French Revolution As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. All of theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreRevolutions And The French Revolution956 Words   |  4 Pages Revolutions are a common occurrence throughout world history. With the amount of revolutions in history, there are those that get lost and those that are the most remembered or well known. One of the well known revolutions is the French Revolution which occurred in the years 1789 to 1799. Before the French Revolution, France was ruled by an absolute monarchy, this meaning that one ruler had the supreme authority and that said authority was not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customsRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1636 Words   |  7 Pageswas an old fortress that had served as a royal prison and in which gunpowder was stored. This will be the place where Parisian crowds will lay siege on and use the gunpowder for their weapons, and this will become a great turning point in the French Revolution. 3) The Great Fear was the vast movement that the peasant insurgency of sacking nobles’ castles and burning documents would blend into. This attack was mainly because of seigneurial dues and church tithes that weighed heavily on many peasants

A Critique On Race The Power Of Illusion And A Few Readings

A Critique on RACE: The Power of Illusion and a Few Readings An ideology or a belief system toward a group of people usually originates from economic need for labor and the distribution of resources. Who will provide the labor with little reward and who will benefit from that labor with little manual labor characterizes many cultural dynamics and institutions. Racism, especially in the U.S., isn’t exempt from this construction, for races is a social construction emerging from power fluctuations that results in an unequal resource distribution. Racial ideology provides reason for the race illusion and in turn strengthens it enough for it to become subtle and seemingly fundamental to American policy, both public and private. The three-part film RACE: The Power of an Illusion, an anthropology textbook Cultural Anthropology: A Toolkit for a Global Age written by Kenneth Guest, Leith Mullings’ article Trayvon Martin, Race, and Anthropology, and Elson Boles’ entry Ruth Benedict’s Japan: the Benedictions of Imperialism all give voice historically and scientifically to explain, not justify, and hopefully inspire the public to work to erase racial prejudice. All of these works expose contemporary American society’s discrimination to combat the â€Å"color-blind† ideology that Kendja 2 threatens to bury the restrictions existing in the legal and economic institutions, just as it had all throughout American history. In the colonial era, the question to answer was economical:Show MoreRelatedHip Hop Wars By Tricia Rose3817 Words   |  16 Pagesaction and to the power of media seduction† (p. 73). In this section of the second chapter, Rose is explaining that those who defend commercial hip hop are taking a more-or-less one-dimensional approach to their arguments by solely blaming structural racism and overlooking the fact that it is present on both sides of the war. In her eyes, they are ignoring the exploitation by commercially successful artists who use images of black criminality for monetary and social gain. Very few of them, if anyRead More Comparing Relationships in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India and Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthou2777 Words   |  12 PagesIndia and Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India and Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse are concerned with the lack of intimacy in relationships. Forster’s novel is set in English-run India, the difference between race and culture being the center of disharmony. Woolf’s novel is set in a family’s summer house, the difference between genders being the center of disharmony. Despite this difference of scale, the disharmonies are much the same. Unity and intimacy areRead MoreSociety : A Realm Of Doubt2191 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"A bloody deed – almost as bad, good Mother, / As kill a king, and marry with his brother.† Similarly, Don Quixote in Cervantes’ Don Quixote demonstrates just how surreal and fallacious one’s existence can be. Throughout the work, Don Quixote’s illusion of reality, or, in other words, his delusion, becomes his actual reality. His ability to transform the ordinary into more spectacular, fantastic interpretations compels the people around him to decide between adapting to his imaginary world or opposingRead MoreCan the Subaltern Speak9113 Words   |  37 Pagescontemporary relations of power, and of the Western intellectuals role within them, requires an examination of the intersection of a theory of representation and the political economy of global capitalism. A theory of representation points, on the one hand, to the domain of ideology, meaning, and subjectivity, and, on the other hand, to the domain of politics, the state, and the law. The original title of this paper was Power, Desire, Interest.1 Indeed, whatever power these meditations commandRead More From Western to Asian Environmental Ethics Essay example3991 Words   |  16 Pagesdisastrous results, destroying native populations. Extermination of species is not only a question of aesthetics, but may be a key to human survival. Of the thousands of varieties of grain cultivated or harvested by humans until the 19th century, only a few dozen remain in wide circulation — and some of these are hybrids with heavy fertilizer-dependence and little ability to reproduce. As desertification, salinification, acid rain and global warming change the climatic parameters for world agricultureRead MoreEssay on Postmodernism and Social Praxis4522 Words   |  19 Pagesto the concept she utilizes for her theology. Foucaults is a drastic suspicion, a total and continuous skepticism which repeatedly serves as an alarm to the genealogist. Its purpose is to make the scholar cognizant of the undeniable link between power and knowledge. It is a reminder that there exists no absolute Truth on which a discourse confidently may be established. In Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason, Foucault tra ces the history of what is deemed the liberationRead MoreContemporary Management Issues9330 Words   |  38 Pages Chapter for Paradoxical New Directions in Organization and Management Theory. Edited by Stewart Clegg. Amsterdam: Benjamins. (Second Draft) July 2001 The problem of whether employee resistance is possible under corporate relations of power that target the very hearts and minds of workers has become an increasingly important issue in recent critical organization studies. With the advent of ‘cultural cleansing (Strangleman and Roberts, 1999), ‘designer selves (Casey, 1995) and otherRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello : Race And Performance6373 Words   |  26 PagesPAGE 1 Pass Ilari Pass ENGL 400 Seminar: Literature and Ethics Hood 7 November 2014 Barbary Horse: Race and Performance in Othello Ethics never went out of fashion in philosophy. It did, however, in literary studies. In Critical Terms for Literary Study, Geoffrey Galt Harpham asks, ?What is ethics? The answers to this simple inquiry are complexity itself, for they take us straight to the decentered center of ethics, its concern for ?the other (394). According to Harpham, Read More Visions of The Primitive in Langston Hughes’s The Big Sea Essay examples6201 Words   |  25 Pagestowed up the Hudson to Jonas Point a few days after I boarded her and put at anchor with eighty or more other dead ships of a similar nature, and there we stayed all winter. ...[T]here were no visitors and I almost never went ashore. Those long winter nights with snow swirling down the Hudson, and the old ships rocking and creaking in the wind, and the ice scraping and crunching against their sides, and the steam hissing in the radiators were ideal for reading. I read all the ship’s library. (HughesRead MoreThe Function of Criticism at the Present Time12631 Words   |  51 Pagesitself it really is. I added, that owing to the operation in English litera− ture of certain causes, almost the last thing for which one would come to English literature is just that very thing which now Europe most desires−−criticism; and that the power and value of English literature was thereby impaired. More than one rejoinder declared that the importance I here assigned to criticism was excessive, and asserted the inherent superiority of the creative effort of the human spirit over its critical

Literary Analysis Essay - 1382 Words

Literary Analysis Author James Joyce has written many short stories which were composed to explain Dublin’s way of life. The book is known to his readers as Dubliners. His short stories have been written to help readers understand the many different feelings that were established in Dublin during a time of crisis. During this time in Dublin many changes were occurring and the city was rebuilding from the tragic potato famine and certainly rebuilding as a country. In three certain stories, â€Å"The Sisters†, â€Å"An Encounter†, and â€Å"The Dead,† the literary symbols of escape and journey appear within individuals which are always trying to run from the problems of society. These actions taken help understand why the characters have†¦show more content†¦After Father Flynn had died the young boy said, â€Å"I knew that the old priest was lying still in his coffin as we had seen him, solemn and truculent in death† (10). The boy knows that he has gone away to escape the life and now is journeying far from Dublin and its worries. Clearly, â€Å"The Sisters† shows ways that escaping the reality of Dublin through journeys have occurred for these characters. In the story of â€Å"An Encounter,† one also can view the literary themes of escape through certain journeys taken. The boys in the story are always trying to escape reality in everyday life: â€Å"The adventures related in the literature of the Wild West were remote from my nature but, at least, they opened doors of escape† (11). No matter what the circumstances are, it’s a natural habit for the boys just to think about getting away and forgetting about responsibilities. For example, the boy in the story explains, â€Å"Every evening after school we met in his back garden and arranged Indian battlesâ€Å"(11). Continuing their escape the boys plan to cut school and journey away from Dublin to seek real adventure: â€Å"But real adventures, I reflected, do not happen to people whom remain at home: they must be sought abroad† (12). They find escape through their adventures, fleeing from home and journeying as far as they can. Even though the y are individuals, they go together to escape from reality from the present times of Dublin. In theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Literary Analysis on Revelation794 Words   |  4 Pages Literary Analysis â€Å"Revelation† Flannery O’Connor short story entitled â€Å"Revelation† was swayed by her personal upbringing in the South. She lived in the time where people from the South were very intolerant and narrow-minded towards people who had a different lifestyle and who were of a different race. Because Southerners believed people who did not live up to their wealth or status were inferior, it offered O’Connor the exact descriptions she wanted for the characters in this story. The mainRead MoreLiterary Analysis : An Inspector Calls 2046 Words   |  9 Pagescriticism: examines literature in the cultural, economic and political context in which it is written or received,† exploring the relationships between the artist and society. 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A Philosophy on English Education Free Essays

Education is a philosophy within itself without even responding to the different categories of a student’s learning day. English education is, in my opinion, kind of a shady subject. When one talks about their English class, what aspects are they talking about? Is this referring to the grammar sections, the vocabulary sections or the criticizing of novels? Through the use of grammar a person can increase the way others perceive what they are writing. We will write a custom essay sample on A Philosophy on English Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now In my opinion it is not the way something is written that is important, but the content of what is written. Vocabulary is another such device. It is said that a person can feel only what they can express. In other languages around the world, there are words that put more emphasis on the same word. For example the word love, in the English language means one thing. Wether it is toward a mother or toward a spouse it has one meaning. Now is the love you feel for a mother the same as for the love you feel for a spouse? No, and in other languages there is a difference between these two emotions. If a person cannot express the way they feel how can they feel this way? I feel vocabulary is an asset that needs to be cultivated in order for a person to evolve into an educated person of society. The other aspect of English education however is not as particular as the other two. The analysis of literature is in itself a whole philosophy as well. It is a way for a person to open their mind into different thoughts that would not have been open to them otherwise. The idea of group leaning is for different ideas and interpretations to be presented. I believe this is a main part of English education. I believe the purpose of education is to better a persons life through knowledge and assist them later in life. Education is a vital part of anyone’s life. Without it a person could not get a job and make it in the real life. I believe however that teachers must keep in mind that one’s education is up to the individual student. A teacher should support the student, as well as the student supporting the teacher. If a student feels that a specific assignment or subject is unneeded then it should be reviewed. If it is vital the teacher should simply explain why the assignment in necessary, and the student will then have the desire to do the task at hand. Education is a vital part of my life. I believe that I have the materials to go far in life but without the knowledge base that is given in a learning atmosphere such as school, this will not be possible. I would however like to be given the choice of what to learn instead of being forced to do certain activities. Young people today do not like to read. Why is this? I believe is it because all their lives books and school have been shoved down their throat by teachers and professors who do not care about the student’s desires and opinions. My personal feelings on the English language are stated above. I feel that there are not enough words in the language and therefor people of different cultures have language differences as well as differences in the way they think. I believe many English teachers are forced to presaent the curriculem in a repetitious tedious manner. I believe that there is too much emphasis put on writing and grammar and not enough on oral presentation and giving students the skills they will need later on in life. The ability to stand in front of someone and present one’s feelings or opinions is a necessary ability for one to have. If a student can explain in detail orally what they have learned without writing it in a formal paper, that should be just as sufficient. As I said before, I believe its not the way a person states something that is important, but what is being stated. Regardless of this short bashing of mine, I do not want you to feel this is my perception of you. This is my past experiences with English teachers and the way they presented themselves and the material to the class. In no way do I feel bias to your thoughts or ideas. I look forward to many interesting conversations and debates in your class. I realize that my desires are not realistic and formal papers must be written in order for a teacher to be able to evaluate each student in an organized and timely manner. How to cite A Philosophy on English Education, Papers

The Impact and Influence of Business Ethics free essay sample

If the employee is in financial crisis at home, they may resort to unethical behaviors of stealing from the company to provide for their family, which they never think to do in normal circumstances. There is a high percentage of people who claim they do not report unethical behavior, and it is known that fear of retribution influences many employees (Kinicki Kreitner, 2009). Organization leadership is also a strong influence on employees, and employees who see unethical behaviors in leadership may believe that situational ethics is acceptable.Knowing how important strong ethics are to the sustainability of the organization and how difficult it is to control and manage individual ethical choices, how then can the organization positively influence and encourage ethical behaviors in all levels of the employee and management structure? How can leadership encourage ethical decision-making even with all the external forces such as political environment, organization culture, and personal culture? First and foremost, leaders need to be role models of ethical behaviors and decision-making. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact and Influence of Business Ethics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From the CEO and top management tiers needs to come a specific, detailed, and enforced standard of ethical conduct. Critical importance has been attributed to ethical leadership and high levels of integrity. Management duties come with an ethical obligation to promote integrity in ethical decision making, to assist and educate employees on this process, and to set a culture of rewarding ethical behavior (Paine, 1994). Management is faced with multiple ethical dimensions every day from how to manage the emotions of the employees (Fulmer Barry, 2009) to how to manage finances and political constituents.Management needs to lead by example in all these areas if they wish their reports to do the same and if they wish to project and enact a face of ethical importance on the organization. Leaders need to put in writing the organization value statements, corporate credos, and codes of ethics, and then instill these values into the entire organization through education, training, compliance monitoring, and role-modeling (O’Rourke, 2010). Before rolling out change processes or making decisions, leaders should recognize and evaluate any ethical issues and strategize decisions based on the c ompany code of ethics and values.When disseminating the change processes and decision statements to employees, leaders should discuss any ethical implications and how and why decisions were made so that employees can hear and learn the ethical issues that were taken into consideration. â€Å"Being ethical takes effort and leadership . . . it’s important to continually remind ourselves that ethical conduct must always be at the forefront of our thinking, planning, and action† (Soloway Chvotkin, 2007, p. 12). Take for example, the recent case of Johnson Johnson addressing ethical issues as described in the Wall Street Journal (Rockoff, 2011, March 31).Johnson Johnson is the parent company of McNeil Consumer Healthcare that has been troubled with quality and manufacturing issues. These issues have prompted multiple recalls of consumer health items such as Tylenol and baby foods in excess of $900 million and damaging the quality reputation of Johnson Johnson. Johnson Johnson is responding to the ethical disturbance by taking immediate action to repair psychological and financial damages via leadership reorganization, operationalizing a stringent process for quality planning and monitoring, and separating itself from McNeil, which will now be its own organization.Johnson Johnson also engaged the employees to explain the reasons for all the changes and stated that the goal was to give focused attention to quality and compliance and the reputation of the products. Ethical behavior and values is vital to the health of every organization and needs to be role-modeled from the top down, no matter how difficult the process might be. â€Å"Organizational climate, role models, structure, and rewards all can point employees in the right direction† (Kanicki Kreitner, 2009).